How to delay in Arduino?In Arduino, “delay” usually means one of two things: 1) Simple blocking delay: delay() / delayMicroseconds() Milliseconds delay(1000); // waits 1000 ms = 1 second Microseconds delayMicroseconds(200); // waits 200 µs Notes delay() blocks: nothin...Jan 14, 2026·1 min read·7
How to make a shield for Arduino Nano in KiCad?Here’s a practical way to design an Arduino Nano “shield” (a carrier board that the Nano plugs into) in KiCad. The key idea is: don’t copy the Nano PCB shape—just place two 15-pin headers at the right spacing, plus any extras (VIN/USB clearance, moun...Jan 7, 2026·3 min read·7
How to organize microcontroller data?Organizing microcontroller data is mostly about making it predictable, safe across interrupts, and maintainable as firmware evolves. A good approach is to split data by lifetime + purpose, then choose the right structure/format for each layer. 1) Fir...Jan 6, 2026·4 min read·3
How to build firmware in STM32Cube?Here’s the normal way to build firmware in “STM32Cube”, i.e. STM32CubeIDE (CubeMX + GCC build inside one app). STM32CubeIDE includes peripheral config/code-gen and code compilation in the same environment. Build firmware in STM32CubeIDE (GUI) Open /...Jan 4, 2026·2 min read·17
What is Pmod in FPGA?Pmod (usually written Pmod™) in the FPGA world means “Peripheral Module”: a small plug-in add-on board standard popularized by Digilent that lets you connect sensors, displays, ADCs/DACs, motor drivers, etc. to an FPGA board through a simple header. ...Dec 29, 2025·2 min read·5
Does Raspberry Pi 5 have audio output on the 40 pin header?Not analog audio, no. Raspberry Pi 5 does not provide a built-in “line out / headphone” analog audio signal on the 40-pin header (and Pi 5 also doesn’t have the old 3.5 mm TRRS A/V jack). What you canDec 26, 2025·2 min read·4
How to change language in Arduino IDE?You can change the Arduino IDE interface language in Preferences/Settings (and then restart), or by editing the preferences.txt file. Method 1: Change it inside Arduino IDE (recommended) Open Arduino IDE Open Preferences/Settings: Windows / Linux:...Dec 25, 2025·1 min read·7
